Highquality hay production university of tennessee. Pearl millet is a very robust grass which tillers widely and grows in tufts. Accumulated forage from periods of excess growth can be cut for hay, which minimizes waste. Barnyard millet, crop management, drought stress, finger millet, foxtail millet, genetic resources, growth and development, kodo millet, proso millet, sorghum. Importance of millets in africa a b obilana icrisat, p o box 39063, nairobi, kenya email. It is grown on an estimated 27 million hectares, followed by finger millet singh et al. Staggenborg department of agronomy, kansas state university, manhattan, ks 66506, usa keywords. Pearl millet nutritional quality and fertilization of sweet. Pearl millet plants are generally a shortday plant, but some varieties of millet plants are day length neutral.
In india, millets are grown on about 17 million ha with annual production of 18 million tonnes and contribute 10 percent to the countrys food. It can survive and produce grain even on the least fertile soils in the driest regions, on highly acidic and saline soils, and in the hottest climates. Highquality hay production gary bates, professor, plant sciences w hen pasture growth is limited, some type of stored feed must be provided to grazing animals. Pearl millet is a warmseason plant adapted to welldrained areas typical of floridas deep sandy soils.
Significant progress has been made during the last five decades in cultivar development. Pearl millet is an erect, shortday dave, 1987 annual grass that tillers more profusely than sorghum. It is the most important species of millet both in terms of cropped area and contributions to food security in regions of africa and asia that can produce little else. Pearl millet pennisetum glaucum is an introduced, annual, warm season crop widely grown throughout the united states for grazing. Due to pearl millet s large stems, hay production is difficult without a hay or mower conditioner, and extra. It has slender stems which are divided into distinct nodes. At individual country level, india has the largest area 7 millon ha with 9.
Progress in grain pearl millet research and market development. Improving pearl millet pennisetum glaucum productivity. Pearl millet diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Sustainable intensification of sorghum and pearl millet. Sorghum and pearl millet are the most important stable crops in the drylands of west africa. Watch this video to know more about the cultivation practices of pearl millet and the varieties of pearl millet. Pearl millet originated in tropical western africa some 4000 years ago.
It is a tall, erect, annual bunchgrass growing from 615 ft in height. Lang, 2001 because of its drought tolerance and ability to produce grain under. Background on the development of the global strategy for the ex situ conservation of pearl millet the development of the strategy involved the following main steps. Pearl millet pennisetum glaucum is an introduced, annual, warmseason crop widely grown throughout the united states for grazing. Pearl millet is an annual plant that requires warm temperatures to start production. The pearl millet strategy was initiated in december, 2009 and discussions took place with. Production of pearl millet with yield improvement would have a direct impact on the droughtprone areas of ethiopia since pearl millet is drought tolerant and early maturing with high water use efficiency.
For thousands of years, millet farms have been growing a range of millets such as sorghum, pearl millet, foxtail millet, little millet, kodo millet, proso millet, barnyard millet alongside. Pearl millet breeding research at the agricultural research centerhays developed several parental lines in 1980s and 1990s using mainly phenotypic evaluation. Hay is one of the most versatile stored feeds available because. This nature of flowering facilitates the breeding of hybrids and openpollinated varieties opvs as the two broad cultivar types. Farmers production constraints, knowledge of striga and. Millets, however, do respond to high fertility and moisture. It is grown commercially in south africa as forage. Review of pearl millet research pearl millet pennisetum glaucum l. Pdf pearl millet crop management and seed production manual. An experiment was conducted to study the performance of pearl millet under different technologies in 20 and 2014 main cropping seasons at the main site of the research center, aybra, with. Pearl millet will have higher cp levels if it fertilized with n. It is a member of the grass family, originally a wild plant in africa where largest members of both wild and.
The recent development of new, adaptable and productive grain pearl millet hybrids in the southeast gives crop producers a suitable alternative feed grain for dryland production. Proso millet is grown as a grain crop for human food and is adapted to. On a perhectare basis, millet grain production can be 24 times higher with use of irrigation and soil supplements. Millet seed technology iii f o r e w o r d seed plays a critical role in increasing agricultural productivity. Pearl millet is a c 4 plant and major coarse millet well adopted for hot and arid regions of the world and it have place of prominence its tolerance to drought, heat and soil salinity along with its higher water use efficiency makes it a climatesmart crop.
About 111 pearl millet diseases caused by different biotic factors have been reported in india and africa, the production regions kumar, 2011. Pearl millet production and grain quality can be affected by a myriad of biotic stresses, pests including fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, parasitic, and nonparasitic weeds and birds. Background on the development of the global strategy for. Assessment of pearl millet production problems in west africa. The trends in area, production and productivity of pearl millet suggest that area has.
The area planted, spouse age and years of pearl millet cultivation were the important. Sep 05, 2018 cultivation practices of pearl millet. It accounts for about 50% of the total world production of millets. Pearl millet production is hampered by numerous problems and as such there is a need to find ways of improving its. Background on the development of the global strategy for the.
Figures only available in pdf file or contact new mexico state. Microdose application is a low cost investment that has a high probability to increase grain and stover yields across the west africa pearl millet production area, but estimated n and p removals are negative and similar to zero fertilizer application and thus does not alleviate soil nutrient mining. Pearl millet first became known in europe about 1566 when plants were raised in belgium from seed said to have been received from india. Grain and biomass yields of pearl millet that are constrained by low plant. For economical grain production, pearl millet can be planted in the piedmont area from may 1 to july 15. Growing pearl millet, cultivation practices for beginners. Since pearl millet is a drought and heat tolerant crop capable of producing grain in regions of low soil fertility and limited moisture, where other summer cereals like sorghum and maize, may fail,it occupies the marginal lowrainfall areas of western sudan. In the last two decades, the importance of millet as food staples, particularly in india, has been declining due to various factors, including rising incomes, growing urbanization, and government policies. Postharvest operations page 6 pearl millet the development and structure of pearl millet is similar to that of sorghum, with some exceptions. Pearl millet is extensively grown for forage as hay, silage, greenchop, and pasture in the southern u. Pearl millet seed production and processing icrisat. Pearl millet was domesticated long ago on the southern margins of the saharan central highlands at an onset of the present dry phase about 40005000 years ago purseglove, 1972, 1976 purseglove, 1972 purseglove, 1976. Forage potential of sorghum and pearl millet g harinarayana1, np melkania2, bvs reddy3, sk gupta4, kn rai3 and p sateesh kumar5 abstract sorghum and pennisetum are two of the gifted genera of the tropical regions that provide food, feed, stover dry straw and fuel to millions of poor farmer families and their livestocks.
Pearl millet seed production and processing out of the spikelets earlier than the male part. This has, in part, made millet production popular, particularly in countries surrounding the sahara in western africa. This fouryear study based on two experiments assessed different lowcost methods for intensification of sorghum and millet production under contrasting rainfall conditions in mali. Sorghum and pearl millet are some of the drought tolerant crops that are extensively grown in zambia and other countries of southern africa. It is able to grow in areas that experience frequent periods of dry weather during either the vegetative or reproductive phases. Water supply from pearl millet by hydraulic lift can mitigate. Pearl millet is a summer annual crop wellsuited for double cropping and rotations. Pearl millet is the most widely grown of all the millet species fao, 1972. Pearl millet, also called cattail millet, bullrush, millet, candle millet, and penicillaria fig. Due to pearl millets large stems, hay production is difficult without a hay or mower conditioner, and extra. Ambayeba muimbakankolongo, in food crop production by smallholder farmers in southern africa, 2018. Pearl millet is generally used as a temporary summer pasture crop or in some areas as.
Most of the pearl millet area is grown with hybrids while the varieties are preferred in drought prone ecologies. Pearl millet is planted on 14 million ha in africa and 14 million ha in asia. Cultivation practices of pearl millet year2 youtube. Effect of integrated technologies on production and. Stems left standing in the field after grain harvest are low in digestibility and nutrients newman et al. Pearl millet nutritional quality and fertilization of sweet corn in senegal. It is used a feed, food and raw material in soft drink industry. Pdf on jan 1, 2007, i s khairwal and others published pearl millet crop management and seed production manual find, read and cite all. Tillering is primarily from basal nodes, and the number of tillers. This form, sometimes known as pennisetum spicatum, is still grown in spain and north africa. Finger millet is widely produced in the cooler, higheraltitude regions of africa and asia both as a food crop.
Today pearl millet is grown on over 260,000 km 2 of land worldwide. Millet market growth, trends, and forecast 20192024. Seed production in pearl millet bajra is common minor millet of india with wider industrial and household utility. Project coordinator, aicrp pearl millet icar, ars, mandor, jodhpur. Pearl millet was introduced into the united states at least as long ago as the 1850s. Informal survey of the production problems will be conducted in all four countries to identify a boardercutting production problem that need a collaborative research intervention. Project coordinator, aicrp pearl millet icar, ars, mandor. Pearl millet is one of the most drought resistant grains in commercial production. Nutritional and health benefits of millets f 1 millets are a traditional staple food of the dry land regions of the world. More than 95 per cent pearl millet production comes from. Pearl millet,pennisetum glaucum, production and improvement. Most of this initial pearl millet production has been for poultry feed, although the crop shows good feed potential for other types of livestock as well.
699 643 501 384 660 1183 1196 948 869 820 998 1076 521 921 371 1032 349 1188 298 168 174 139 707 614 647 306 831 654 794 1386 1446 817 1068 259 1045 1282 909 209 470